Eventos Anais de eventos
COBEM 2023
27th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering
Transient analysis of a heating and humidification system for mechanical ventilator air for patients in intensive care
Submission Author:
Francisco Kleber Regis Castro , SP
Co-Authors:
Francisco Kleber Regis Castro, Murilo Gasparin Rampi, Isabela Fernanda Rocha Corrêa, Lauber Martins, Fernando Gallego Dias, JOSÉ VIRIATO COELHO VARGAS
Presenter: Francisco Kleber Regis Castro
doi://10.26678/ABCM.COBEM2023.COB2023-1367
Abstract
Mechanical ventilators are equipment built to function and provide artificial respiration to patients who are clinically unstable or unable to breathe spontaneously. This is the case for patients infected with Severe Acute Illness Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The temperature of the trachea of a healthy person ranges between 32oC and 34oC with a relative humidity of approximately 95%. The temperature and relative humidity of the air supplied to the patient connected to a mechanical ventilator varies between 32oC and 34oC and between 95% and 100%, as recommended by the Brazilian Intensive Care Medicine Association. International recommendations standardize that the air supplied to the mechanically ventilated patient should have 100% relative humidity and temperature between 31oC and 35oC. A transient mathematical model of a mechanical ventilator with an air heating and humidification system was developed to provide air with properties recommended by international guidelines, which will bring less discomfort to patients during intubation and a speedy recovery. The model was built applying the laws of conservation (mass and energy) to determine and control in real time the physical properties (temperature and relative humidity of the air) at the machine/patient interface (mouth) and maintain the insufflated air in the conditions of the international recommendations. The results found were relevant and satisfactory. A computational code was implemented with low computational time and was able to capture the transient and spatial behavior of the physical system. The computational code was developed to solve an Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) generated with time as the independent variable. It can be established that the proposed mechanical ventilator is a possible solution of simple equipment for intensive care units and hospital emergency that today face problems to meet the parameters according to international recommendations and thereby efficiently control parameters such as temperature and relative humidity of the air output (air that goes to the patient) in real time, avoiding inflicting medical problems in ICU beds, such as hypothermia, hyperthermia, mucus, lesions in the bronchial tree, mucosal ulceration, inflammation and ciliostasis. In contrast to these conditions, the proposed control system aims to establish and restore lives.
Keywords
air heating, Air Humidification, mathematical model, Simulation, Control Parameters, Temperature, Relative Humidity
