Eventos Anais de eventos
COBEM 2021
26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering
USE OF METALLIC FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL FOR TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY TO REDUCE BONE REABSORPTION DUE TO THE EFFECT OF STRESS SHIELDING
Submission Author:
ALEXANDRE ZANNI HUBINGER , SP , Brazil
Co-Authors:
ALEXANDRE ZANNI HUBINGER, Jonas de Carvalho, Fernando Del Monte, Yukio Shigaki
Presenter: ALEXANDRE ZANNI HUBINGER
doi://10.26678/ABCM.COBEM2021.COB2021-1989
Abstract
Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most successful orthopedic surgeries in modern medicine. The earliest account of hip arthroplasty dates back to 1881 when an ivory ball and joint were attached to the bone with nickel-plated screws. The evolution, since the 1960s, goes through rods with necklaces, textured surfaces for bone growth, stainless steel components under pressure, metal spheres with cemented polyethylene, use of ceramic materials, among others. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the main causes for performing total hip arthroplasty in elderly and young patients, respectively. Aseptic loosening is the main responsible for revision surgeries and, among several causes, there is evidence that bone loss caused by the effect of stress shielding is one of the main causes. This phenomenon occurs due to the difference between the elastic modulus of the femur bone and the material used in the manufacture of the implanted stem. The fact that there is a tendency for patients who undergo total hip arthroplasty to be getting younger and younger, and also that studies show a 20-year survival rate for stems, there is a need to increase that survival. Recently, the evolution of additive manufacturing technologies allows the manufacture of metallic functionally graded materials, as for example the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM) processes. In this context, a State of the Art of the main works, recently developed in this area, is presented, focusing on mathematical tools to optimize the material properties of the stems with a metallic functionally graded material according to the mechanical properties of the femur, manufactured by additive manufacture, and on the simulation of the bone resorption process through the finite element method, in comparison to the results obtained with stems manufactured with materials that have homogeneous mechanical properties. A discussion about mechanical testing used for experimental validation of the numerical simulation results is also presented.
Keywords
total hip arthroplasty, Additive manufacturing, Functionally graded materials, Finite Element Method
