Eventos Anais de eventos
ENCIT 2022
19th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering
STATE OF THE ART OF THE VIABILITY OF CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES
Submission Author:
Marcio Carzino , PR
Co-Authors:
Marcio Carzino, George Stanescu, Marcelo Risso Errera
Presenter: Marcio Carzino
doi://10.26678/ABCM.ENCIT2022.CIT22-0441
Abstract
The IPCC report AR6 (2021) presents a scenario in which the replacement of fossil fuels and improved efficiency of energy systems would not be sufficient to ensure an overall average temperature increase of 1.5°C above pre-industrial era level by 2040. To reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere is the objective carbon capture devices development. This paper aims to review the research with carbon capture advanced materials (CCAM) and the most recently used and promising conversion routes. Carbon capture requires a gas flow and physical-chemical reactions, for which a minimum energy expenditure is expected in order to carry out the process. Therefore, an exergetic and thermo-economic analysis would be essential to evaluate and compare options. The most used materials for chemical process by absorption are the monoethanolamines (MEA) and diethanolamines (DEA) and their derivatives. They yield high capture rate but take 3.5 GJ per ton of captured CO2. Amine solvents blends and similar can improve this consumption range down to 2.5 to 2.9 GJ per ton. Alternatively, in the realm of adsorbents, one finds activated carbon, minerals zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOF) as well as promising nanomaterials with high adsorption capacity. For instance, graphene has a CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.07 mol/g, which is ten times higher than MOF. Mineral carbonation, in which metal oxides react with carbon to form carbonates, has been shown to be an economically viable alternative but the rate of reaction is low. Recent studies with nanoparticle reaction kinetics show the smaller is the nanoparticle the greater the rate of reaction of the carbonates. Uses of membranes for molecular separation is also explored with better flow configuration, study of membrane properties and improvement of mass transfer in conjunction with application of chemical solvents (MEA). Other processes such as vortex tube for thermomechanical separation and direct air capture at cryogenic temperatures are also covered by this review. On the biological routes, the literature addresses artificial photosynthesis, in which besides making carbon capture, it would still be possible to generate photovoltaic energy. There are still enzymatic methods that mimic the photosynthesis of nature inspired by cellular metabolism that creates an efficient source of CO2 conversion. Each process and material under research has its advantages and disadvantages, generating the need for a trade-off between local and overall energy expenditure and conversion capacity.
Keywords
energy, carbon capture and storage, Indirect mineral carbonation, advanced materials
