Eventos Anais de eventos
ENCIT 2018
Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF START-UP FLOWS OF GELLED WAXY OILS IN PIPELINES – A REVIEW
Submission Author:
Roque Martins Duarte Junior , PR
Co-Authors:
Roque Martins Duarte Junior, Diogo Elias da Vinha Andrade, Tainan Gabardo, Cezar Otaviano Ribeiro Negrao
Presenter: Roque Martins Duarte Junior
doi://10.26678/ABCM.ENCIT2018.CIT18-0570
Abstract
Oil dependence allied with the discovery of large reserves in ultra-deep regions, such as the Brazilian Pre-salt basin, motivates the research to overcome technological challenges inherent in the production and transportation of oil. The petroleum is mostly composed of paraffinic hydrocarbons. The oil reservoirs are located in regions up to 7000 meters deep regarding to the surface of the sea. The pressure and temperature in these reservoirs can reach values of 100 MPa and 150 ºC, respectively. The production and transport of oil from these basins to the sea level occurs through pipelines. The seabed in which the pipes are inserted is at a temperature of approximately 4 °C. Then, during the flow, the oil may cool down due to the temperature gradient. The reduction of the oil temperature causes crystallization of the paraffin crystals. This is associated to some problems, such as: the deposition of paraffin at the wall, the gelation of the oil and the increase of the viscosity. These problems are normally studied under the focus of rheometry, constitutive equations, mathematical models, visualization experiments and experimental apparatus. The focus of this article is to understand better the flow restart by reviewing different experimental rigs. Several authors have researched this theme, using different experimental apparatus and procedures to restart the flow. In these papers, the rheological properties of the paraffinic oils, such as temperature, rate of change of temperature, shear rate, aging time and restart pressure, were evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to conduct a review on flow restart in order to discuss the experimental results presented in the literature and to evaluate the equipment and procedures used during the process.
Keywords
gelation, Start-up Flow, Experimental Apparatus, waxy oils
